Comparing Adolf Stalin And Adolf Hitler And Hitler

Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are 2 notoriously known people in world history. Both Stalin and Hitler are known for the great number of deaths they have caused. Although both men have totally different reasons on why they killed so many people their ways of leadership are somewhat alike. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin both use propaganda as a technique to get people to support them. Using propaganda shows the public what they want to hear and see, even if it’s not true they use this method to trick people into thinking they are going to help and make life better for them. Nevertheless, this is a tactic that has worked for both leaders during their time. They would manipulate the truth to the people of their country to gain their trust.†¦show more content†¦Hitler represented the Nazi party they wanted to kill off has many Jews as he could, they believed if they did this Germany would recovery from world war 1, also, they believed in a national community formed by so called racially pure people the Nazi party believed there should only be pure Germans. Blonde hair and blue-eyed Germans, they felt if you weren’t a pure German you weren’t a person. Furthermore, both leaders entered their reign of power very differently joseph Stalin’s ideas for his country where already widely known prior to his leadership. For that reason, becoming leader of the Soviet Union was not as difficult for joseph Stalin. Stalin gained his power within a month. Adolf Hitler on the other hand had way more difficulties gaining power then joseph Stalin did. Adolf’s fight for power and leader ship lasted almost 20 years. In addition to Adolf’s long fight for power, Adolf started from zero with his political ideas, half of the population did not agree with his views and ideas because they were in humane. In some ways their differences out way there, similarities. Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler are the names behind too of the greatest genocid es. Both occurring in the 20th century. Each genocide has a striking number of deaths, Joseph Stalin has at least 2 million deaths on record. Stalin has killed far moreShow MoreRelatedComparing Joe Stalin and Adolf Hitler Essay499 Words   |  2 PagesJoseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler, these two men have forever changed the history of the world. Josef Stalin or Uncle Joe Stalin as his country knew him, was seen to the Russian people as a savior and a heroic leader. Adolf Hitler was known as the `Father of the Final Solution, which killed nearly six million of the sick, gypsies, Jews, homosexuals, and handicapped. Stalin and Hitler were both evil men who gained their power by manipulating others to get what they wanted. Both men were cold and calculatingRead MoreComparing The Way Of Adolf Hitler, A Fascist Dictator, And Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin1629 Words   |  7 PagesTo analyze the differences in the way Adolf Hitler, a fascist dictator, and Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, a com munist dictator, controlled their countries and made political decisions, we have to learn what Fascism and Communism are. We must also look at how Hitler and Stalin came to power, as well as how they controlled their government. Starting with Fascism, it is basically when the state is the supreme power. Nothing gives orders above the state, and the state gives all orders. It is a strongRead More Comparing Dictators Adolf Hitler versus Benito Mussolini versus Joseph Stalin1660 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will compare the three leaders who are famous for their dictatorship and totalitarianism during the 30s decade-Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin. Totalitarianism is when a government gains absolute and total control over the country, including the freedom of thought and will as well as the citizen?s lifestyle, no other political parties are allowed and has the concept where the country is most important. The difference and similarity between their ideology, usage of propagandaRead MoreJoseph Stalin : The Dictator Of The Ussr1426 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Stalin English II Mrs. Galloway Dylan Kronk 24 February 2017 Dylan Kronk English II Galloway 6th 24 February 2017 Joseph Stalin (Rough Draft) Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the USSR, formerly known as Russia. Joseph Stalin did many good things that made the USSR what it is today. The USSR is one of the world’s many super powers. Joseph Stalin was a dictator who forcefully kept control, killed his people, persecuted, and westernized Russia. Although Stalin did someRead MoreEuropa Europa and Olivier Olivier Analysis1534 Words   |  7 Pagesscene with Hitler. Although Solomon is a hero to the Germans for what he had done in the front lines, nothing still escapes from who he is. Even Adolf Hitler as shown in the nightmare can not escape condemnation by admitting he is a Jew although he is treated as the hero of the German people. All of the efforts Solomon has done to survive and hide his Jewish identity are due to the betrayal of relationship between Hitler and Stalin as depicted in the ballet scene of Hitler and Stalin. Read MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Perils Of Obedience Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesexpecting them to listen without question. We ve learned that disobedience connotes with â€Å"being bad† when this is not necessarily the case. Many adults today still carry these teaching into their adulthood. It is no wonder why leaders such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin easily manipulated the minds of masses for their own personal and political agenda. Still, many questions still remain prevalent as to how an individual reaches his or her decision on obedience in a distressing environment. Inspired byRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm Essay2088 Words   |  9 Pagesnovella ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell, which is an allegory that is based on events that happened during and after the Russian Revolution. Orwell used animals to represent historical figures such as Joseph Stalin, the totalitarian ruler of the time. Napoleon, who was the pig that represented Stalin , used violence and propaganda to help him take control of the farm, and used the animals’ fear of him to motivate them into following his orders. The other animals did not question Napoleon’s authority outRead MoreSimilarities Between Nazism And Stalinism2082 Words   |  9 Pagesfit into to the utopic image created by Stalin and Hitler would be forcibly removed from each society by the use of violence and terroristic tactics. As Nazism and Stalinism rose to power, they implemented a system of inclusion and exclusion by creating an image that all nationals should aspire to. Poland was a victim of both regimes’ attempts at utopia and was nearly completely lost to the annals of history. A serious comparison can be made by comparing Stalinist Russia and Nationalist GermanyRead MoreSoviet Union And The United States From A Totalitarianism Perspective1706 Words   |  7 Pagesalternatives that would relieve them of their troubles. At the time, communism was an alluring option to many Eastern European countries, promising results of unification and equality, but in Adolf Hitler’s perspective it would not produce a completely authentic German nation-state. As a result, the Hitler and Nazis aimed to discredit its competitors and garner support for creating a German â€Å"living space†. To simplify, in 1933 the Reichstag, a parliamentary building in Berlin, was set aflame by aRead MoreNeil Burger s Divergent Film Series And George Orwell s Book 1984 1279 Words   |  6 Pagesalready. In being a Divergent, Tris is considered an outlier immediately as it is a rare case and makes her doomed from the very start as well. Tris says, â€Å"Everyone knows where t hey belong except for me,† in the beginning of Divergent, in addition to comparing herself to factionless in the end, supporting her sense of being displaced from the norm since everyone else has an absolute faction. It is no surprise that a protagonist’s belief that something is terribly wrong with the society provokes a sense

What is Psychology Free Essays

Before having an eye on the goals of psychology we have to be clear about what psychology is? Some people thinks that this is only the study of human behavior but it is not entirely correct but it can be a part of psychology . In Psychology we not only target the humans but also the animals too. It is the study of understanding minds, natures and behaviors in any particular situation. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Psychology? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the human’s and animal’s minds are so complex and all are different from each other that anyone can hardly imagine by this we can estimate the depth in this field. As other fields eg astronomy, astrology, biology are science piecewise psychology is also a science and does not only dependent on just on observations. It is a science because if we observe any thing and we will get the results what we expect! To lessen this biasness there are some procedures and experiments are done. As we know it is a science in which we study minds and behaviors so it also has its goals as other fields do have they are stated below. Goals of psychology There are four major goals of psychology that are stated below * Description Explanation * Prediction * Control Description:- This is the first step of understand anything Here in description we just see what the problem is? Or what is actually happening rather than defining the whole scenario. Some of the questions we can assume here in this scenario e. g. what is happening? To whom its happening? Where it is happening? For example if a person was doing his job perfectly but now a days his performance is affected and laid down badly and became rude to everyone. So there must be some problem. So this is the indication for a treatment. Low performance in the work and having rude behavior are the points which are to be noted here and observed and the output of this goal is just the observation. Explanation:- This is the second step where we have the observations and now we start ponder that why this is happening here in our example we will see the reason of this kind of behavior weather it is due to any physical or psychological disorder or any bad incident is occurred with that man which is effecting on his life. In other words the complete explanation of his observed behavior will be done. He might be asked questions or the sessions with the psychologists. So that any theory can be form as this is the output of this phase of understanding the behavior. Prediction:- At this point we have the theories now this is the time to predict when this thing happens in future? Weather these strange behaviors can be changed or not? Weather our object always do this or at any particular time? Whether he can get back to work with the previous pleasant behavior and good performance? These all questions will be answered to leads towards the last goal. Control:- To control one’s mind or behavior was somewhat controversial in past that was thought as the brain washing but is not like that and even not the focus of this goal. The main objective is to change the behavior which is undesirable to us. Here in our example the previous good performance at work and the peasant behavior is desired so the current behavior is to be changed. For this psychologists and the psychiatrist can work together and try to improve the behavior of the person by giving him the sessions and treatment. How to cite What is Psychology?, Papers What is Psychology Free Essays

Lightning and Electricity free essay sample

This paper examines the scientific discoveries dealing with electricity. This paper presents in chronological order the study of lightning and how as new ideas would come about and be proven, other inventors would use that idea and take it into a new direction. Lightning is a form of static electricity. When it is raining, raindrops can acquire extra electrons. These negatively charged raindrops seek out the positively charged ground. When these two charges connect, current flows through randomly placed areas of charged particles. This is what lightning is, and what gives it the jagged pattern (see diagram). Lightning has been on Earth longer than people have. Still we dont know everything about it. We do know that lightning can take a variety of forms. The most common are forked, streak, ribbon, or bead lightning. All of these types are essentially the same with variations on atmospheric conditions. There is one type called ball lightning, but very little is known about this type. We will write a custom essay sample on Lightning and Electricity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also known that lightning will travel from cloud to cloud, cloud to ground, and ground to cloud. Early studies done to find that lightning is electricity paved the way for several other important findings about electricity and how it behaves.

Research Proposal on Land Degradation Essay Example

Research Proposal on Land Degradation Essay Land degradation is the reduction of the useful qualities and productiveness of soil because of the natural and anthropogenic factors. Land degradation is not only the erosion of soil but also the alteration of the land’s surface because of the impact of water, wind and human activity. Most often land degradation is associated with the reduction of the quality of soils which are extremely valuable for the development of agriculture. Land degradation is observed on all continents of the planet, and the experts start worrying about the consequences of this process which can deprive the humanity of the productive soils which can cause the catastrophe in agriculture and food supply. It is evident that natural factors cause harm to the quality soil, but the human activity is more dangerous because it devastates and exhausts soils. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Land Degradation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Land Degradation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Land Degradation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So, the most productive higher levels of soils can disappear because of such natural phenomena as rain, high wind and the process of deserting. Because of the increase in the average temperature (the global warming), the temperature becomes too high, and the formerly green territories turn into deserts. The human activity can reduce the soil productiveness because of the unprofessional approach towards the process of raising plants. Naturally, to maintain the soil productiveness, one should grow different plants on the single field and the cultures of factories built there should be changed annually. It is evident that the humanity should pay much attention to the protection of lands because productive soils are the single suppliers of the quality agricultural products, vegetables, and crops. Land degradation is a serious problem which requires a rapid solution because land resources are supposed to be the most valuable ones. The student is expected to observe the issue from all sides to evaluate the seriousness and urgency of the land degradation, observe the types of degradation, the factors which cause it, etc. Land degradation can be compared with other ecological problems, and the student should brainstorm the unique approach towards the research and make the proposal exciting and informative to convince the professor in the relevance of land degradation and the necessity of the solution of the problem. The student has the chance to prepare a proper paper if he borrows a few pieces of advice from a free example research proposal on land degradation analyzed by the experienced and well-educated writer. The student can learn about the structure of the paper, the approach towards the formatting of the text and the selection of the methods for the methodology section of the assignment reading a free sample research proposal on land degradation online. If you still need research proposal writing help from experts on this topic, visit website below:

Harrison Bergeron Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Essay Example

Harrison Bergeron Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Essay Example Harrison Bergeron Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Essay Harrison Bergeron Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Essay The year is 2081, and people’s individualities are being taken away for the sake of being equal. Is this really equality? In this uniform culture they cannot allow competition to occur, so they eliminate any chance of this destructive force from happening through the use of handicaps that take away factors such as advanced intelligence and beauty. Is doing this truly beneficial for society? In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut Jr., the reader needs to recognize that achieving equality through dehumanization is not true equality and thatcompromising one’s abilities by placing limitations on them results in the elimination of one’s identity and potential. Most aspects of life has an element of competition, and these competitions can be seen in everyday life. The world is an increasingly unequal and unfair place. Every year, it becomes a little harder to picture what equal opportunity and egalitarianism even look like. As the rich attract capital like Jupiter attracts space debris and the poor fail to make any substantial gains, the gap between them comes to seem to us less surmountable, more of a force of nature than something for which we can even imagine a reasonable counterfactual. In Harrison Bergeron, society has â€Å"solved† inequality by eradicating competition and coercing them to wear handicaps. However, competition encourages society to become stronger and develop further. There is a real danger that inequality is not just related to competition, but to equality of opportunity. This might include things like what kind of education your family can afford to give you, but also could be as simple as what you see in fro nt of you everyday and the way that it either expands or limits your opportunities, and the very knowledge of what you can reasonably aspire. Although the idea of everyone being equal seems perfect and is an idea we as a world strive for, a world with perfect equality does not drive people to try and a :

Btec Level Extended Diploma in Music

Over the past three decades, in the recording studio a widespread of technical changes have occurred. This has changed music on a whole. Factors such as studio production, the role of the producer and the recording engineer have also been altered drastically in music by technology. The Internet, digital formats and industry progressions are known to have caused changes too. Particularly, the computer industry introduced many digital technologies over these decades. At the same time, the music Industry changed as did customer habits. As a result, current production raciest have been shaped by several outside influences that include both technical and business factors, Since the us, the computer, music. And audio Industries have begun to influence one another. Over the past few decades there have been many changes in the Music Industries; many changes which have impacted studio production. Throughout recording history the music industry part has been to make a profit of recorded music. The commercial advertising and distribution of recorded music is definitely the greatest motivating factor driving both the audio and cording industries.This is a result of changes in the sales of recordings lead to changes In the adoption of technology and also to the development of studio production. Major labels control most of the market which is why we have a lot of what we call mainstream music. There are Independent labels, but Major labels basically still control what music Is recorded and distributed. The music industry has come a long way since those dreadful days of the mono recordings. Back then, artists, producers, and engineers didnt have as much of a choice of what equipment that loud use to get their recordings done.With the advancement In technology and new innovations constantly being created in the music industry, the opportunities are endless. If you look up the definition of technology you will see the words industry and commerce, which to me just means growth and development. Technology has and will continue to influence growth and development in the music Industry. With the growth of technology, the technical end of producing and engineering has become somewhat a quicker task. For example, the introduction of yester real time messages synchronized drum machines, sequences and other rhythmic devices.System real time messages are dropped into the data stream as required, and have priority over other messages In order to mainstream synchronization at all times. In other advances in technology has allowed these devices to operate with timing clocks so everything does not have to be done completely be hand anymore. As music production and recording systems become more complex and sophisticated, the need for intuitive, easy to use controls over then came essential if they are to be used effectively.Technology has made music systems become more and more sophisticated, so the tasks involved in the successful control of these systems has become Increasingly complex. Technology has also brought about a new language to go with the systems we use in the industry today. Language, youre only half way there. Technology has not only brought about new systems on which we make music but a whole language to go with it. There is enough terminology that goes with the applications to fill a small dictionary.

PERFORM COMPARISON CONTRAST BETWEEN WORKS BY DFFERENT WRITERS BASED ON Essay

PERFORM COMPARISON CONTRAST BETWEEN WORKS BY DFFERENT WRITERS BASED ON STYLE, SUBJECT MATTER OR THEME - Essay Example The gruesome picture of racism, social discrimination and many other contemporary issues has been depicted by Afro-American authors. Harriet Jacobs, a writer, reformer and abolitionist, was a 19th century Afro-American literary figure (Yale University, 2009) who was also known as the ‘fugitive slave author’ of the American slave narrative Incidents in the Life of A Slave Girl, Written by Herself. Her active involvement in reform movements before, during and after the Civil War, and her own experience of slavery for 29 years helped her sketch her characters poignantly and realistically. Modern day readers and scholars would have been in the darkness about the life and works of Harriet Jacobs unless the revolutionary work of Professor Jean Fagan Yellin who, by dint of extensive research and studies, authored her biography: Harriet Jacobs: A Life. This book received the 2004 Frederick Douglass Book Prize for its immaculate detailing about how Jacob’s literature was s haped by her turbulent life. (Yale University, 2009) Audre Lorde, born in New York City in 1934, is renowned for her poems, essays and novels. She was brought up in Manhattan and was sent to Catholic school where her first poem was published in ‘Seventeen’ magazine. Lorde got her B. A. from Hunter College and Masters in Library Sciences from Columbia University. Her professional career, which began as a librarian in New York public schools, saw many turn of events as she later on got an employment as a writer-in-residence at Tougaloo College in Mississippi. It was here when she discovered an inclination for pedagogy, and at the end of her tenure here in 1968, her first volume of poems ‘The First Cities’ was brought out. She also met her long-term partner Frances Clayton in Tougaloo. (Poets.org, 1997-2009) Born in 1912 to parents one of which was a strict disciplinarian and another

Intermoutain Health Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intermoutain Health Case Study - Assignment Example d the interdependence between the physicians and the health care team thus ensuring that IHC’s clinical care was affordable and of high quality (Bohmer et al, 2002). The measurable impact of Dr. James clinical integration program has been the increase in the competiveness of the institution within the health care industry in the region. To this effect, IHC enrolled 40% of the insured population of Utah to its Health Plans. The institution as well enrolled a significantly huge number of second tier insurers with 85,000 public employees, 73,000 educators, 52,000 mail handlers, 60,000 from CIGNA, 48,000 from Aetna, and 45,000 from Desert Mutual. The institution as well enrolled many smaller insurers with fewer than 20,000 enrollees. In essence, the clinical integration program introduced by Dr. James enabled the institution enroll about 40% to 60% of the insured population to its Health Plans (Bohmer et al, 2002). The fundamental attitudes towards variability in clinical practices exhibited in this case include cost and quality. In this regard, the attitude of cost aims at reducing the cost of clinical practices to ensure that the institution incurs minimal costs in its provision of health care services. The attitude of quality is the most fundamental attitude towards variability in clinical practices in which case it denotes the effectiveness and efficiency of the clinical practices. This attitude is fundamental as it influences the attitude of cost on the basis that high standards of quality influence minimal costs for clinical practices (Bohmer et al, 2002). The role of the shadow organization in clinical continuous quality improvement is to foster and influence the continuous quality improvement process by undertaking initiatives that aim at ensuring continuous quality improvement. In light of this, Intermountain Health Care serves this role through its initiation and continuous undertaking of quality improvement initiatives. This aspect of the organization

Emotional Bank Accounts Essay Example for Free

Emotional Bank Accounts Essay We all do things that are counter-productive to our relationships. We all like to have people be nice to us. The concept of an emotional bank account is powerful, yet not quite as simple as keeping a ledger of debits and credits. One of the problems is the perception of worth. What is a â€Å"deposit† worth. We may think it is quite valuable. The affected person may consider it so routine it is not even remembered. The trick in making deposits is to know what value the act has for the person holding the account. Herzberg was a psychologist who studied motivational factors in American industry. He came up with the conclusion, since quoted out of context, that money is not a good motivator of people. He called things like money, a safe work place, security and such fundamentals â€Å"hygiene† factors. That is, the employee needed them to be there and assumed they would be there. They were not, however, efficient in motivating job improvement. Herzberg found that various methods of showing personal appreciation were far more important. A company golf team, a compliment, a letter of commendation, a corner office, painting an employee’s name painted on a parking place and such activities were more efficient in motivation. Do you agree? Many students do not. To many people, money is a prime motivator. How then did Herzberg come up with his findings? Is he wrong? No, we have to understand another theory, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow was also a psychologist who studied motivation and found that people had needs that varied with their circumstances. If you are living in the weeds, any job that provides 3 hots and a cot is your dream. You think you would never want anything else. But when you get that job, those needs are satisfied and you quickly want more. Maslow said the second stage was to want security. You want those physiological needs to be there in the future, not just today. And, if you get that security, you then go to stage three where you want a feeling of belonging to a group that reflects your values and goals. If you get this feeling of belonging, you then go to a stage where you want to be singled out and honored. The last stage is one where you  have all those needs met, so you want to contribute in some special way to something greater than yourself. Herzberg did his studies in a shop where people had stage one and two pretty much assured. Those physiological elements did not motivate because they were already met. Those people were at the stage where they either wanted to belong to a group or be singled out for honors. The ability to read another person and determine what is important to them is critical. This gets back to our emotional bank account deposit value. Similarly, actions may have different withdrawal value to different people. To someone who is feeling very insecure because of seeing everyone around them being dismissed in a general layoff, a curt word may have them dusting off their resume and reacting very defensively. It may not have been intended in that way but its effect is the important thing. Our success in keeping a good emotional bank account with other people then depends upon our sensitivity to the values that other people hold, not our own. This sensitivity is difficult for most of us as we often have â€Å"tasks† to do and keeping track of the effect of our actions and words may not be high on our list of things to do at the moment. Yet, in the long term, nothing is more important. I once heard someone say of a particular organization, â€Å"this place is not about competence, this place is about relationships†. I think that is true of just about any organization.

Exposed Sin vs. Hidden Sin in the Scarlet Letter Essay -- Nathaniel Ha

Exposed Sin vs. Hidden Sin Since the beginning of time we have shown our imperfections as human beings. As detailed by the Bible in the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve ate the fruit from the tree of knowledge committing the original sin. This infraction against God resulted in Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden, and set the foundation for the judgment of mankind. The word sin derives from Old English synn and is defined as something shameful, deplorable, or utterly wrong. In this essay I will be comparing exposed sin to hidden sin as related to The Scarlet Letter, and the effects it has on people. In Nathanial Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne represents the exposed sin while Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth represent the hidden sin. Hester Prynne’s sin is exposed on the scaffold in front of the townspeople. For punishment she is made to wear the letter “A”, for adulteress, on her bosom. Hester’s daughter, Pearl, is herself a symbol of the scarlet letter. Pearl is always seen with Hester just as t...

Case Study: Wheelworks

Running head: Case Study: Wheelworks Case Study: Wheelworks Principle of Management After analyzing Wheelworks’ compensation and benefits structure, I have found that this organization meets every need demanded by its employees and motivates them in every level. When it comes to needs and motivations, there are two commonly used theories that explain each step. One of the most commonly used theories to explain the levels of needs and motivators is Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The other commonly used theory when explaining levels of needs and motivations is Herzberg’s Two  Factor Theory.Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Starting at the bottom with physiological needs and moving upwards to safety, love/belongings, esteem, and eventually reaching self-actualization, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often shown as a five level pyramid. Wheelworks meet its employee’s first need, Physiological needs, just by paying them a salary. When Wheelworks pays its employees, it allows each employee to buy food, water, and pay for a shelter and clothing to maintain a constant body temperature.This first need on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is essential and without it, humans would not be able to survive. Wheelworks meet Maslow second need, safety, by providing its employees with benefits such as health insurance, bonuses, and 401k plans. Because of the plans that Wheelworks offer its employees, areas such as financial security and health and well being are covered. Love and belongings, the third level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is also covered by Wheelworks. Humans need to feel that they belong and are loved.Due to the positive atmosphere that Wheelworks offers, its employees feel loved and like they belong to the group. Due to this, Wheelworks also meets Maslow’s third need. The forth level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is esteem. Wheelworks also cover this level by recognizing its employees for its qualities. By recognizing each of its employee†™s qualities, Wheelworks helps them build a stronger self-esteem and self-respect, covering the forth Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The fifth nd last level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is self-actualization. This level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been already reached by Wheelworks employees because of their love for the sport of cycling. Many of Wheelworks employees are highly educated and have better opportunities in other companies, but their love for cycling keeps them working at Wheelworks helping them reach Maslow’s need of self- actualization. Herzberg’s Two  Factor Theory Unlike Maslow's five level hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s theory has only focuses in two factors.Herzberg believed that there is a two-step approach to understanding employee motivation and satisfaction. These two steps are the hygiene factors and the motivator factors. Hygiene factors consist of the need to for a business to avoid unpleasantness at work. † If these fac tors are considered inadequate by employees, then they can cause dissatisfaction with work  Ã¢â‚¬Å"(tutor2u. net). Wheelworks meet the hygiene factor by providing a good salary, pleasant work environment, and health and 401k plans.These factors are not taken in account when one measures satisfaction, but the absence of these will cause dissatisfaction. The motivator factor is based on an individual's need for personal growth. Wheelworks meet this factor by recognizing its employee’s qualities, challenging them, and giving them responsibilities. By doing this, Wheelworks employees stay motivated achieving above-average performance and effort. Number One Motivator Having a passion for the sport of cycling has become Wheelworks’ employees’ number one motivator.Many times, one would think that salary, health benefits, and good working conditions would rank high when it comes to job motivation, but without love of the work itself, all of these benefits would not be enough to motivate one’s employees. The main reason Wheelworks’ employees perform above-average and put an extra effort to do the job better is because their love for the sport of cycling. As long as Wheelworks provide its employees with the hygiene and motivator factors, its employees will stay motivated. Financial RewardsEven though that passion for the sport of cycling has become Wheelworks’ employees’ number one motivator, financial rewards also helps motivate them. One of the many ways that Wheelworks motivates its employees financially is by paying them the highest possible wage. By doing this, Wheelworks makes sure that its employees are well paid motivating them to stay within the company. Another method that Wheelworks uses to financially reward its employees is by offering vacation and sick pay, 401k, profit chairing, and health plan.By offering these benefits, Wheelworks ensures that its employees feel well taken care of resulting in a motivat ed staff. The last financial reward that Wheelworks uses to motivate its employees is giving them seasonal bonuses. Each bonus is subject to how good the company does during the season. Due to this, each employee is motivated to improve its performance which will eventually result in a bigger bonus. Commission One of the best strategies that Wheelworks has used to motivate its sale persons, but yet, maintain a superior customer services is giving seasonal bonuses instead of commission.Due to this strategy, Wheelworks customers receives a superior customer crevice and do not feel pressured to buy an expensive bike. This strategy also improves team work instead of having a constant competition among team members. Even though this strategy has worked greatly for Wheelworks, it could be improved. One way Wheelworks could improve its number of units sold is by giving a reward to the person that averages more units sold per hour in a week. For example, the person that averages the most un its sold per week could choose one day to leave early and get paid for the whole day.Rewards like this one could significantly increase the number of units sold increasing the yearly revenue of Wheelworks. Works Cited (n. d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from tutor2u. net: http://tutor2u. net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg. asp Janet A. Simons, D. B. (1987). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from honolulu. hawaii. edu: http://honolulu. hawaii. edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/maslow. htm W. Griffin, R. (2007). Management. Houghton Mifflin. Wheelworks_part1. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from

Migration HIV and the political economy theory

Human immunodeficiency Virus (H.I.V) is spread through; 1) Sexual intercourse with an infected individual. 2) Use of needles or syringe for injections with an infected individual. 3) Transfusions of infected blood and blood clotting factors; Children to an infected mother may be infected before, during or after birth due to breastfeeding. (See migration HIV @) Migration is the movement of people from one locality to another. Incase one immigrant is infected there is the risk of spread of the virus. Sexual Intercourse with an infected person; When people move from one place to another they always don’t move with their sex partners. They therefore search for prostitutes or new partners to have sex with. Incase of unprotected sex, the virus will be transmitted. Many couples may not want to for H.I.V checkup so they may not be aware of their status. When these immigrants go back to their original sex partners the virus is spread again. This is normally worsened due to unfaithfulness of married couples or sex partners. Use of needles or syringe for injections with an infected person; In third world countries, needles and syringe are shared due to the unaffordable new ones. Most people don’t know their status and if they know they don’t make others aware. So the use of contaminated needles is normally unavoidable. The illiterate believe that washing needles or syringe thoroughly with hot water is good enough which is not true. Immigrants may not know where to get qualified doctors and frequent quarks that expose them to the risk. When they travel back to their motherlands the virus is spread more. This is also very common with users of Heroine and other illegal drugs. Transfusion of blood and blood clotting factors; Due to high costs of qualified doctors, Immigrants may want to look for cheap nurses without looking at the implications. Blood from donors is not screened at such clinics, this spreads the virus further. A theoretical analysis from a political-economic perspective of migration and the transmission of HIV indicates that citizens of such states can live in any part of the country without restriction in order to improve their standards of living. Due to the struggles of life people are encouraged to look for greener pastures wherever the location, an example is whereby someone is posted to another part of the country or world for work or due to a promotion. Someone may decide to start a business in a different town from his original place of residence. In Kenya, kikuyus are good in making money so they are always ready to do this in any part of the country and end up being immigrants. In Kenya there has been cases of Members of parliament being spotted at Koinange Street, a place for sex trade. Politics have made these people rich and can afford to spend on slats. Prostitues look at this as a major source of income. The city is filled with unemployed immigrants; everytime getting a job proves to be hard they result to prostitution in order to earn a living. Prostutes may be so desperate that they don’t mind having unprotected sex hence become vulnerable. The current Kenyan Government is not allowing prostitution. Streets at night are being cleared everyday and slats asked to get other sources of income. These people end up getting married and may not consider going for a HIV check up before tying the note, they therefore infect their couples. The new government should make it a law that before people get married they should go for a thorough medial check up. This law will minimize the chances of further transmissions. In Kenya; Luos and other tribes encourage wife inheritance this happens as a tradition .The new husband is always the bread winner because most widows are normally poor and cant afford to pay for their bills. In most cases the widows normally have HIV infections. Sex with new husbands/wife is normally a risk. Brothers to the deceased brother may have to move in from other areas to live with the widow or the widow may have to move to her in-law for inheritance. The new Government is also promising to stop this tradition completely. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply rooted tradition in some African communities; an example is the Gusii community in Kenya. Most of those who do the cutting consider it to be a source of income. They don’t change the knives so one cutting objects may be shared by more than twenty people. These circumcisers are illiterate and don’t understand the risk that they expose their clients to. They also consider new tools and equipment to be costly. Female Genital Mutilation is a practice that is not allowed by the Kenya (in Africa) Government so those have the tradition doesn’t looks for professional help hence exposing their clients. Lately, Members of parliament from such areas have been campaigning for the abolition of such traditions. The government should enforce the following laws: 1) One man one woman: Those with job transfers should move with their wives. This will reduce the need for prostitution and unfaithfulness. 2) Prisoners should be allowed to have intimate relationships with their wives: Due to the high levels of poverty in Africa citizens may be tempted to steal are engage in fraud activites. They therefore land in prisons were they might sexual intercourse with other women/men convicts. Prisoners should be visited by their wives at certain times and given a bed to help themselves. 3) Prostitution should be completely abolished: Prostitutes should not be arrested but should be introduced to other styles of income generation. Most prostitutes do it for the sake of money and with most rich people being their clients they might not want to quit. Salaries for Members of Parliament should be reduced and that amount redistributed to the poor through business loans. 4) Hospital/medical expenses should be made affordable: Every citizen will avoid quarks that might share needles/syringe. Gorvement’s trained medical personnel will always make sure that blood is screened before transfusion. 5) Legitimacy and illiteracy should be reduced: Citizens should be encouraged to acquire knowledge and education regarding HIV transmisission. They will therefore stop their awkward thoughts and traditions, which include; a) Female Genital Mutilation where one knife may used on more than twenty people before being washed, not even being changed. b) Marrying of daughters to rich people for the sake of dowry. c) Sharing of needles among drug users. In conclusion, migration should never be a factor contributing the transmission of HIV. People should have sex discipline all the time regardless of their newresidence. This includes: 1) Abstain 2) Be faithful to their sex partners 3) Have protected sex. Prostitutes should also be made aware of the danger they are exposing themselves and the others to besides the economic value of unprotected sex. Personal doctors should always be consulted regardless of the distance. These are the professionals that someone can trust with their treatment and cases of contaminated, blood for transfusion, needles or syringe will be reduced. Â  

Definition-nature of the problem solved Essay Example

Definition Definition-nature of the problem solved Essay Definition-nature of the problem solved Essay Willcare is an independent car mechanic business. The business located near the owners home where there are a number garages available. It is a small service business promoted by the owner and has been running around 20 years. The owner may employ some workers for a specific job, but usually works alone on a variety of jobs. A separate outlet provides supplies when they are needed. * The main aim of the business is to provide an alternative for customers who dont like the treatment from there local dealerships. The owner feels that people would prefer a face-to-face meeting with him to discuss their problem and says he prefers talking to clients personally rather than through a system because it helps create trust. His business also aims to give an equal amount of customer satisfaction to all those using the business. Also, to make sure that the companies recognition grows, so that more people are aware of what it has to offer. * Most vehicle related services are available. These include repairs and modifications, as well as a phone service for queries or complaints. The business will offer to keep vehicles for a short period of time but only if necessary as it means insurance and liability does not have to be dealt with. Most jobs are done in under a day and they usually receive no more than 5 customers a day. * The majority of the business material e.g. dealing with finances, orders and bills is done by the owners wife and is still completely based around paper filing and written receipts. Current Method Used * All the paperwork of the business is still file based without an effective computer system. Lists, receipts and orders are produced and sent through conventional methods such as postage and delivery. * Customer information, their history with the company and their previous cars, requests and other information is kept in an alphabetic filing system. This method is fairly effective at the moment however the company is gaining recognition and eventually there will be to little resources to keep the current system working effectively. * Finding required information will involve looking through the filing system for a customer and then searching their records for any needed information. This can be much more time consuming for customers who have used the company often as there may a large amount of files to search through. Also the most recent receipts are kept close at hand in case a customer is unsatisfied and needs to prove on their return that they are legitimate. * Lists of information and data, such as clients cars are also kept in a brief date book so that the owner can at a glance see what is expected in the next few days. This helps him inform other customers of the probability of their car being seen in the near future based on the amount of work needed and also the space left available. The owner told me that he estimates space but it never poses too much of a problem because of not keeping individual vehicles longer than a day. A final list is also kept of the other companies he has bought off and how much they charge for various items. * Invoices and receipts are still produced using trace through paper copies * Calculating payments is usually done before the work based on an estimate of the time required and the resources needed. It still remains an estimate however and is worked out with a calculator. All other costs are worked out using a calculator also, e.g. suppliers pricing. * With about 3 to 5 customers a day tasks such as calculating are done while the work is taking place so there is no delay for the customer when they come to pick up the car. Usually though the owner likes to talk to the customers to discuss how the service went and get their opinion on various matters to do with the car. If, however a large number of customers are present at a similar time, which can often be the case because they may want to pick up their car after work, then there can be a delay. * It appears that tasks are performed fairly efficiently as long as it is a simplistic job. However, because different areas of the business seem to be stored separately e.g. the supplier receipts and data and those of the customer that this can often lead to confusion with payment calculations. * Lacking from the current system, according to the owner is the ability to search for the customers information while they are on the phone. He quite often has to put customers on hold while he searches for their information or for an answer to a query he doesnt know of hand. He also feels that if the business continues to grow at its current rate he would be lacking the space to keep all of the records and would have to discard any before a certain date. This could take a fair amount of time and needs so he needs to find an alternative method. I also feel the system is lacking a high enough amount of security. Currently all records are just kept in a locked filing system with no copies present to compensate for critical damages. A more secure system requiring restricted entry would be preferable in the future. * As a result of the current system being so basic there is little room for any critical errors as long as the business remains at a steady rate. It is only when increased customers bring an increase in the amount of data that the system will be prone to mistake. This is the main fault with the current system. With all processes being hand written and calculated there is a much larger margin for error than modern technology has. Any incorrect calculations will result in time consuming back tracking. Other faults are the estimation of time and space. It would be much easier to confidently inform customers of when there car can be seen, without wasting their time because of a lack of space or time. Data Flow of Current System Inefficiencies and Problems As mentioned earlier under current method used there were a number of inefficiencies present. The most important of these are listed below 1. Calculations are slow and prone to mistake. 2. Large amounts of paper-based data are susceptible to being confused or lost as a result of over crowding information. 3. Security is of a low standard and there are no copies of data being made as backups. 4. There is no fast access to customer information that may be needed for quick consultation, in situations like a phone conversation. 5. Any mistakes in calculations or mix up in customer data take a long time to correct due to lots of paperwork in a rough system. Origins and Forms of Data Data Origin Form Customer Details Signed Form Customer Records Sheet/ Receipts Problem Description Signed Form/Telephone Call Customer Records Sheet/ Receipts Car to be serviced Telephone Call/Signed Form Customer Records Sheet/ Noted Sheets/ Receipts Date/Time confirmation Job Diary Customer Records Sheet/ Noted Sheets/ Receipts Cost Estimate Predicted by owner prior to service, confirmed after. Customer Records Sheet/ Receipts Initial Problem Definition A slow customer service as a result of paper based filing systems for storing data. These cannot be accessed quickly with phone-based customers and may lead to frustration. Each customer has a single folder for their data and it is not ordered in any other way than newest entries being put at the front. Faster access to required information could be achieved under a different system. Only an estimated price and time can be calculated before a service takes place. A new system that could calculate exactly would help improve customer trust and efficiency. Mistakes are a higher probability using the current system of calculators, as they are prone to human mistake. A different system incorporating checks would improve reliability. Security is not of a good enough standard for large amounts of customer information. It is only secured in a locked draw with no insurance policy. The system requires a lot of time to create any backups. Investigation and Analysis Methods of Fact Finding Research into various methods of finding more about the current system have shown me that a one on one interview with the company owner would be the most beneficial. Three other techniques taken into consideration were a questionnaire, observation and analysis of current data regarding the company and its system. These were not preferred for the following reasons 1. Questionnaire- For a smaller organisation with fewer customers this would prove less effective. The data could not be considered as completely reliable based on the small number of participants. I also think they are less likely to know about the company information techniques. 2. Observation- With the business receiving two to three jobs a day the owner will be spending most of the day doing the actual work. It would be difficult to know when to visit to be able to see the other side of the business. Also, some customers may be opposed to there payments not being confidential. It may be possibly to get a small glimpse at the workplace following my interview. 3. Existing Data Analysis- The only data kept by the company is that regarding the individual customers and these are kept confidential as it is personal data. The interview I will prepare for is with the main manager because he will have the information most useful to me. He started the business and has been in full control ever since. Interviewing someone lower down in the business, such as a part time employee or perhaps a customer would most likely only provide me with limited knowledge. Following the interview I will try and question an employee to see how they feel about implementing a new system and how it would help them. It is important preparation takes place before an interview of this sort to make sure the correct information is gathered. Therefore here is a basic outline of the information I will hope to gather. What happens to the data the customer provides? How long are forms kept, is finding them on later occasions easy? What aspects do you feel need improving relating to the customer? What type of information do you need to get that sometimes isnt available? Are you in favour of new system displays e.g. logos, colour schemes? What paperwork would you like in a new system? Would you like an upgraded appearance for the new system logo, images and colours? Would you like shortcuts for various office jobs, would they speed up the processes? Would you or your employees need training to use a new computerised system? Is there anything else you would like the system to do? Interview Notes This interview took place on the 8th October at 4.30pm, at the owners house with himself and his wife present. I informed him of what my report would be based around and how I predicted a computer-based approach would likely be the most effective way to take the business. He agreed and said money was the main issue when it came to these improvements. Q: What happens to the data the customer gives you? The data is stored along with the customers previous records. Its a basic folder which we order by the keeping the most recent jobs at the front. Any new customers have a new folder created and are placed in alphabetical order with the other folders. If the data is something I might need to hand I record it in a journal I keep with me in the garage. Q: How long do you keep the forms for each customer and does the folder system make them harder to find? At the moment I still keep everything for each customer because often I may need to look back over previous jobs to remind me of what the customers situation is in terms of their vehicle and there history with the company. Also while the business is still small there is no issue with overcrowding of information. It doesnt really take long to find the info because its all organised properly and efficiently but it still takes time to leave a customer on hold while I sort out the data they want. Q: This problem relates to the customers, is there anything else you think the customers would like to see the business change. I think part of why this business has been as good as it has is because of the straightforward basic approach we use. Customers who dont want to talk to a mechanic through about five other people can just have face-to-face meetings to discuss the problem and make the decisions around that. Its a trust thing, I dont think they mind the paper-based approach but they would probably prefer it to be a bit more professional overall, and a computer system would probably accomplish this. Q: What type of information do you need to get relating to jobs that sometimes isnt available? If you mean things like how a certain car works and how to deal with certain problems then I usually just rely on instinct. Sometimes I consult the cars handbook but usually the problem isnt too serious to need that. Q: If a new computer based system was introduced would you like a specific display screen, featuring perhaps the company logo or a specific colour scheme? Yes, if thats possible itll just make it look a bit more professional but the company has no unique colour scheme so you would probably have to make one. Thats fine; Ill give you a rough copy to check over before I use it properly Q: What paperwork would you like to keep in a new system? Well the information the customer receives, things like receipts, bills and other notes and stuff, theyll need to be paper because most of my customers dont have access to computers. They prefer the simplistic approach so I dont want to change my approach of keeping the customer happy with little involvement. Q: Would you like shortcuts for various office jobs, would they speed up the processes? Anything thats simple enough for me to use effectively and also speeds up the process for customers would be great but it would have to be pretty simple for me to control it. Q: Would you or your employees need training to use a new computerised system? Some of the people I hire are pretty accustomed to computer systems but for me and especially my wife we would probably need a short introduction into what does what. Q: Is there anything else you would like the system to do? Well Im open to suggestions really but I wouldnt know what else would be possible. If you have other ideas just run them by me and probably approve them for this new system. 4.6 Current Data Structures Low-level DFD Booking a Job This is a low level DFD highlighting the processes required when booking a job. The owner has to consider both whether he can complete the job and also what it will cost the customer to pay for the job and any resources. The pricing list and current job notes are stored on paper as a checklist to be calculated. This process takes time so therefore numerous customers have to be called back before they know the full details about a job. All the paper-based information regarding each customer contains no specific reference that it is related to the company. Each piece is usually headed with the customers name and what the sheet will be referring to. A great deal of input into the system comes from customer word of mouth. Often times the owner will arrange a one to one meeting with a customer to discuss exactly what they want done. The interview notes are recorded and discussed with the customer afterwards to make sure they have gathered all the necessary information. 4.7 Requirements Specification Output requirements Requirement Evidence The system must provide a legitimate receipt to be given to customers to check and sign Interview with manager The system must provide a printed page containing an outline of job details to be kept with the owner during a job. Interview with manager The system must include a specific colour scheme in keeping with the business to appear on all printed documents Interview with Manager The company logo must appear on all printed documents in order to help classify information. Interview with manager The system must provide a report that lists customers who have requested a job in the last 7 days. Interview with manager The system must produce printouts regarding the requirements for a job to be given to the customer so they are fully aware of what they are paying for and also as an insurance policy. Interview with manager Input Requirements Requirement Evidence The company logo must be automatically present on every document before anything is written Interview with Manager System must be easy to operate for novice users Interview with Manager The owner must be able to secure the customer details with a login and password known only to him. Interview with Manager The system must provide quick access to customer data through a fast and efficient search engine. Interview with Manager The system must be able to link customer data to their current and past involvements with the business, through a relational database. Interview with manager Hardware and Software Requirements Requirement Evidence The system must be linked to a printer that is capable of printing out reports and receipts. Interview with Manager System must run on operating system Windows XP Interview with Manager All queries should return their results within 5 seconds on a computer with a fairly powerful modem. Interview with Manager The system must be operational through a responsive mouse as well as through the keyboard. Interview with manager The system must have various linked shortcuts to travel to different locations in the system faster. Interview with manager The system must be compatible with other storage devices in order to create backups of customer data. Interview with manager 4.8 Agreement to Requirements A copy of a letter I sent to the owner questioning whether these requirements were acceptable can be found in the Appendix. The letter contains requests for the previously listed system requirements and is signed by the owner as conformation of there agreement. 4.9 Alternate Solutions Analysis of the problems faced by this business has given me ideas for various solutions. Although a computer based approach seems a faster easier solution to the problem, other solutions must be examined to make sure the most efficient approach is used. Solution 1- with the owner feeling that the current system is still fairly efficient it maybe most effective to make subtle changes to this original system so as not to alienate employees unfamiliar with more complex methods. Remaining with the paper based system saves the need for large investments in newer software and hardware as well as the inconvenience of setting the system up. The installation process could take a fair amount of time and disrupt customer relations, which are such a high principle to the companys success. The solution would involve updating the string techniques for customer data. For example more secure folders and a quicker access system to find customer data. Each customer would be given a job identification number based on their personal data and the time when their job was ordered. This way the manager can prioritise the filing system to have the most recent jobs and best customers in a more accessible manor. Another approach to improve the current system would be to include partial computerisation. This would be a system where a search device would contain records of the locations of customer information. By using the search tool it will direct the manager to exactly where the documents they require are stored. This could be a very effective technique for when the businesss popularity starts to grow because it will mean a lot more storage places will be being utilised and customer documentation will become harder to find. If the business does start to grow this way however, the storage spaces may become limited for the amount of information it needs to keep secured and min good condition. Solution 2- with using a computer system seeming the most effective choice different solutions become available using various different programs and approaches. A possible solution would be to use a spreadsheet document and incorporate user forms. This approach has its advantages because by creating a form system they can be customized greatly to incorporate the company information and make them as simple and accessible to the customer as possible. This is very important for this business because the system must not appear confusing to customers who have chosen because they want a simple solution they cannot get elsewhere. Getting the customer more involved with the businesss processes may appeal to some customers more than others. If the customer feels they are making an input to the business and is familiar with the processes they may become more supportive and confident with the new system. One of the biggest advantages of this approach to the manager is the spreadsheets ability to perform complex calculations quickly. This is a great improvement on the conventional method of a calculator and paper workings. The downside to this is that it would require a fair amount of time-spent training before the manager could understand the formulas needed for what may become a complex system with more customers joining it all the time. Although the system could be set up by someone else leaving a simple input system, the manager still requires knowledge of the system in case any mistakes are made with the system during inputs and they need to correct it without bringing someone else in to fix it. It is important that the system does not disrupt the managers relationship with his customers. The biggest disadvantage wit this system however is that it would become very crowded and difficult to understand the more customers join the system. This is because spreadsheets do not work with a one to many relationship. Any customer who requested multiple jobs would have to have their name and their details entered into the system multiple times rather than having the jobs kept under the same name. This leads to a great deal of memory being used up by the system. With a very large amount of data the system may become slower because of the number of details being processed all at once. Solution 3- with a spreadsheet having a number of more complex inputs such as formulas and action buttons a more practical approach would be a database system. The Relational Database system I would use has a one to many relationship so it would allow each customer with their individual identification to have access to all their previous job details. The system will work by having multiple tables linked through a primary key. This primary key will be the customer ID. This ID will be present in tables containing the customers information, the job details and the pricing system. The customer table will contain their name, contact details and personal information. The job table will contain descriptions of the most recent job performed for that customer and a summary of all their previous jobs. The price table will be a list of each customers bills for their jobs. Using the ID to look a customer up the prices of each job will appear broken down into various segments so it is clear to them how a total was reached. In order to produce receipts quickly the system will also include a mail merge system linking the database to a word processor. Then through a button click the user can replicate the billing information and print it of for the customer. This method saves the time previously spent writing out receipt details such as the company name, data and job details. This information can now be saved in a word document and produced quickly in large numbers. 4.10 Limitations of Chosen Solution From the three solutions described above I have chosen to use Solution 3-a database system. This is because it provides the most efficient use of a computer and allows a customer to have various jobs under their name without overcrowding the system. The database can be set up by me and modified to fit the companies needs addressed in my one to one interview. For example the company name and a new logo will be present on the input forms as well as a constant colour scheme throughout the system. I chose it over an advancement to the current method because it is much to difficult to anticipate whether there would be enough room to store personal data if there was a sudden increase. Using the database means all the information can be kept together in a much more secure environment. The solution I have chosen is in itself not perfect. Here are some of the limitations facing the current system. * A fairly high level of instruction will be needed before the system can be implemented. With the amount of important data on the system it is vital that the manager and all his employees are fully aware of the security measures that have to be in place. * While a small amount of customisation is possible, a database application contains far less than a spreadsheet or word application making it harder to accurately represent the company logo and colour schemes. * For the database to work without any slowdown or technical problems it will need a fairly modern computer set up incorporating a high-speed modem and a large memory capacity. These specifications up the price of a computer and for a smaller business such as WillCare this larger amount of money is harder to come by without risking loosing company profits. The investment would be a risk because if business started to decline the company would be struggling to cover expenses. * The database application is unable to print what the business requires straight from the tables e.c.t. Instead a word processor must be incorporated for a proper receipt to be produced. Design Nature of the Solution 5.1.1 Objectives Input Objectives Customers personal data must have secure access through a login and password The database must be easy to use for a novice user. The system allows the user to input details of the customer on a single screen The system must be operational through a standard mouse and keyboard Process Objectives The system must recognise customer details through a unique member ID. It must calculate a job price based on a price list. It must store each customers previous job descriptions It must be possible to sort customer records in various orders such as alphabetical or by their most recent jobs. A means of backing up of all the files is provided. A simple method of recovering corrupted files has been produced. Output Objectives The display screen must present the company logo clearly The colour scheme chosen by the owner must remain constant throughout all output screens Printouts of receipts must be produced through a mail merge with the word processor When a code for an ordered item is entered, details of the item, including current stock levels is displayed on the screen Query results must be produced within 5 seconds of them being used. 5.1.2 System Structure This is a brief outline of the how the new implemented system will work. The structure will be kept as basic as possible to benefit the inexperienced workforce. A top down structure- Hierarchical Diagram Design of Forms All of the following forms and explanations are based on an outline of the system created in a spreadsheet document. By using this method I will be able to show the system to the owner of Willcare and get some feedback on what he thinks works well and what improvements he would like. All forms within the database will use this same colour scheme, as it is a professional look that will also help customers and employees recognise that they are still in the system. I felt that because the probable users will be inexperienced it would be useful to include a brief description of what functions the buttons will have in the database. The font specifications are Arial, size 10 with the table definition Menu using Berlin Sans at font size 18. The Willcare name is presented in a word art technique modified in its colour scheme and size. The contrasting colours help it show up on the system and are another way to reassure the user they are still correctly using the system. This is the customer form where the user will be able to add a new customer, search for an existing one or delete an old member. All the buttons are clearly labelled to explain their functions and I have maintained the same style of headings and logo used on the main menu. To make searching through current customers easier I have incorporated navigational arrows for quicker access and easier browsing. When considering the users abilities with computers I also decided to include a button to return to the Main Menu on each form. This will be useful because it will allow quicker access when the user wants to use a different part of the system. Each customers details will be filled in the shown boxes and various pieces of the information will be validated to make sure it is correct within the laws of the system. The most important aspect of this page will be the member ID. Each customer will be given a unique number that will be used to look him or her up through the system. The owner may feel, however that giving all his current customers a number for the system would alienate them and waste company time. Therefore I may only use member IDs for new customers and use a different look up method for existing customers e.g. their D.O.B. For the customers D.O.B entry I will use a combo box method so data input can be sped up. This form also includes a link to Add a Job. This button will allow the user, once they have entered the details to go straight to the job form so they can choose what they want done and find out the estimated price. The post code is an important way to identify customers legitimately and will contain a validation making sure it is accurately filled in. During my interview with the company owner I learned he would require the system to produce an output in the form of a receipt. To quickly produce the receipt using a mail merge technique the produce a receipt button will create the receipt for the job currently recognised in the form entry. If this is not the required job for the customer, the user can search for a different one using the view customer job button. The maintenance menu includes a link to job prices and a supplier list. These are options that are likely to be scarcely used. This influenced my decision to include them in a maintenance menu. If the user becomes confused with the system they can check this important information and hopefully save customer time. The suppliers list does not belong in parts of the system the customer views as it will confuse them and overcrowd parts of the system. A mechanics business has a very wide variety of jobs that may be required. It is therefore important that the user can add a description of a new job as well as have quick access to common ones. When a new job is entered a full description can be added or just a shorthand. The shorthand is necessary for it to be stored under the common jobs. The price remains an estimate because all jobs are different and customers may have required more or less work depending on their situation and car. The date of order and the expected completion date will both use combo boxes and the date of order will be immediately validated to display the current date automatically. The add to outstanding list will be covered under reports design as is the create receipt button. As the business grows they are likely to have numerous suppliers therefore I felt different search criteria would help speed up the process. One or both of the criteria can be entered and then searched for within the database. A supplier list will contain all the suppliers and products the company have used in the past. This is where the database will search based on the criteria. This is an example of one of the tables data will be processed from. Each Job will have a unique ID to help searching through the database faster and more efficient. Design of Reports With a growing number of customers I felt a report covering the outstanding jobs for the owner would be very useful. I decided to return to the original white background so the businesses paperwork looks professional and is always as clear as possible. The logo remains as it helps to identify the company documents against those from customers and suppliers. Including the ID means the report will be created through a single button click in the database. Keeping these reports at hand will save backtracking to the computer system to see what jobs need to be done. The button to add information to this report is located on the job form detailed earlier. The button will add the currently displayed job onto this report. The user can then decide to print the report with any amount of jobs on it. This report keeps the same fundamentals of the previous one, those being the plain background and company logo. This report will contain a list of all the customers currently on the system database. This will be useful for the manager because it will help him remember customer information while on the job. It can act as a quick reference for customer contact details so that they can be kept informed of developments in the business. This is a copy of a company receipt. It will be created in the same manner as a report but will contain a query system so that prices can be worked out without the manager needing to do anything. The font has remained constant; however I have now included bold print for the totals and to highlight problems. This will make identifying key information easier for both customer and manager. In the style of many receipts I have now included a contact number for any problems or questions. Pressing the create receipt button found on the Job form will create this receipt. The receipt must include all the details of the transaction including the individual jobs and there prices so that it is clear to the customers where the total is obtained from. This will also make any mistakes easier to identify. Design of Mail Merged Letters A standard letter required by the user is to cover jobs that are going to be overdue. The letter will be created in a word document through a mail merge button present in the database. The letter once produced will be printed and sent to customers to inform them of the delay and the expected date for the job to be finished by. This shows the customer that they are not being forgotten and the business values their custom. By pressing the mail merge button a word document will automatically open and the outline of the letter be filled with the necessary information. The information will be entered through the use of a code on the word document. You can find an attached plan of the mail merge layout in the appendix. Design of Data Capture Forms As this is a mechanic business there is no need for any data capture forms because they cover the details entry for members and employees. A data capture form is usually sent to these people to be filled in. The information gathered is then input onto the computer system. All information of this sort is obtained straight from the customer or over the phone so this technique is an unnecessary approach. Relationships ERD- Entity Relationship Diagram TRD- Table Relationship Diagram Table Designs Customer (Customer ID, First Name, Surname, Date of Birth, Address Line1, Address Line2, Telephone Number) Request (Customer ID, Job ID, First Name, Surname, Job Title) Job (Job ID, Job Title, Estimated Price, Date of Order, Expected Completion Date) Order (Job ID, Part Name, Price, Supplier Name) Part (Part Name, Supplier Name) Query Designs Generic Buttons Within the database there are various buttons that will be considered generic. This means they have a single function that remains constant throughout the whole database. The Main Menu button presented in the corner of every form will return the user to the main menu no matter where they are in the database. The Search buttons found on numerous occasions in the database will always perform the same function of searching the database for the data present on the page. As I am designing this system for a user with very limited knowledge I have included a small explanation of what various buttons will do before they are pressed. For example Produce a Receipt is written next to a button labelled Go. This helps reassure the user that they are doing what they want. Start action: The Customer option button is selected. The Customer Form Screen is displayed Start action: The Report option button is selected The Report Form Screen is displayed Start action: The Maintenance option button is selected The maintenance menu is displayed Start action: Customer details are entered into the customer entry form and the store customer button is pressed The customers details are stored in the corresponding database table- Customer_TBL Start action: A customer is selected on the customer forms and the edit details button is pressed. The form will become active and allow the details to be changed by the user Start action: A customers details are present in the customer form and the delete customer button is pressed A message box will appear asking for confirmation of the deletion. The Yes option is chosen from this message The customers details are deleted Start action: The Add a Job is pressed on the customer entry form The customer form remains open and the Job entry form appears. Start action: The button is pressed The previous record in the system is displayed Start action: The button is pressed The next record in the system is displayed Start action: The find button is pressed while a member ID is displayed on the form. The system will search for the customer details and display those corresponding to the ID If no member ID is present the user will be prompted to enter one by a pop up message. Start action: The Add to outstanding list button is pressed after a jobs details are entered. The current job will be added to a report list that can be printed of and taken away to help remember what jobs need doing when the user is away from the system. Start action: The create receipt button is pressed A receipt will be produced using a mail merge based on the currently displayed information. The receipt will appear in a word document and include company details Data Dictionary Field Name Description of Contents Data Type Length Sample Values/Range/Set Type of Validation Expected Customer ID A number classifying each customer so they can be quickly identified in the database Long Integer 4 7 No more than four characters to be entered. No duplicates. First Name Customers First Name Text 15 Roy Required. Surname Customers Surname Text 15 Knightly Required. D.O.B Customers Date of Birth Date/Time 10 07/11/1975 Required, DD/MM/YYYY, Must be Todays date Address Line 1 Customers immediate local address Text 30 26 Hemlington Road, Walmley None Address Line 2 Further customer address details Text 30 Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands None Telephone Number Customer contact number Numerical 11 0121 345 6556 Required, Maximum 11 numbers. Must be structured in traditional way e.g. 0121 333 2233 Post Code 6 character code identifying customer address Text 8 B76 1JH Required Field name Customer_TBL Location Booking Database Purpose To store customer details Size of Individual Record: 123bytes Maximum Records Stored: 60 Total Size Required for Data: 7380 Bytes Overheads (10%) 738 Bytes Total Size Required: 8416 Bytes Field name Request_TBL Location Booking Database Purpose To show what jobs customers have requested Field Name Description of Contents Data Type Length Sample Values/Range/Set Type of Validation Expected Customer ID A number classifying each customer so they can be quickly identified in the database Long Integer 4 7 No more than four characters to be entered. No duplicates. Job ID A number classifying a job identity so it can be linked to the customer ID Long Integer 4 15 No more than four characters. Must not exceed the number of available jobs. Price Estimated price for requested job(s) Numerical 6 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.00 A maximum and minimum value. Decimal must be situated correctly. Size of Individual Record: 14bytes Maximum Records Stored: 300 Total Size Required for Data: 4200 Bytes Overheads (10%) 420 Bytes Total Size Required: 4400 Bytes Size of Individual Record: 55bytes Maximum Records Stored: 80 Total Size Required for Data: 4400 Bytes Overheads (10%) 440 Bytes Total Size Required: 4840 Bytes Field Name Job_TBL Location Booking Database Purpose To record jobs the company can complete for customers and to identify job descriptions through their Job ID Field Name Description of Contents Data Type Length Sample Values/Range/Set Type of Validation Expected Job ID A number classifying a job identity so it can be linked to the customer ID Long Integer 4 15 No more than four characters. Must not exceed the number of available jobs. Job Name The title of a job Text 20 Wheel Change None Job Description A brief description of jobs that is unclear from their name. Text 25 Replacement of side mirrors due to damage None Price Estimated price for requested job(s) Numerical 6 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.00 A maximum and minimum value. Decimal must be situated correctly. Field Name Order_TBL Location Booking Database Purpose To show the jobs that suppliers are providing parts for. Field Name Description of Contents Data Type Length Sample Values/Range/Set Type of Validation Expected Job ID A number classifying a job identity so it can be linked to the customer ID Long Integer 4 15 No more than four characters. Must not exceed the number of available jobs. Supplier ID Unique number to distinguish between suppliers. Long Integer 4 14 No duplicates. No number higher than those of listed suppliers. Part Name Name of part to be purchased Text 20 Bonnet None Price Estimated price for requested parts(s) Numerical 6 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.00 A maximum and minimum value. Decimal must be situated correctly. Size of Individual Record: 34bytes Maximum Records Stored: 300 Total Size Required for Data: 10200 Bytes Overheads (10%) 1020 Bytes Total Size Required: 11220 Bytes Field Name Supplier_TBL Location Booking Database Purpose To hold details of parts owned by suppliers. Field Name Description of Contents Data Type Length Sample Values/Range/Set Type of Validation Expected Supplier ID Unique number to distinguish between suppliers. Long Integer 4 14 No duplicates. No number higher than those of listed suppliers. Supplier Name Name of supplier Text 20 Kwik Fit Required Price Estimated price for requested parts(s) Numerical 6 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.00 A maximum and minimum value. Decimal must be situated correctly. Part Name Name of part to be purchased Text 20 Bonnet None Size of Individual Record: 50bytes Maximum Records Stored: 50 Total Size Required for Data: 2500 Bytes Overheads (10%) 250 Bytes Total Size Required: 2750 Bytes System Security The system will only ever need to be used by the one manager so with a single password access method and a lock system tool the system should be as secure as it needs to be. I will advise the manager to have a fairly long password that includes both text and numbers to make guessing the password very difficult. He is also advised to change the password on a regular basis to protect the system further. Levels of security are not a big issue for Willcare because with a very small workforce everyone sends information straight to the manager or his wife to be dealt with. It is very unlikely these employees would need to use the system and on the off chance they can be shown the password for a short time before it is changed. This method also saves the lower employees from having to learn about the system, and the system can be designed exactly as the manager wants without worrying about other employees use of the system. Data that needs to be changed e.g. a suppliers part pricing or new customer details such as an address change are to be dealt with by the manager because he must approve the changes before they take place. He can therefore keep the system to his individual specifications. Object Name Access rights / View User Customer_TBL Read only Manager Job_TBL Read only Manager Request_TBL Read only Manager Order_TBL Read only Manager Part_TBL Read only Manager Object Name Access rights / View User Customer Form Read/write Manager Reports Form Read/write Manager Maintenance Form Read/write Manager Job Form Read/write Manager Supplier Form Read/write Manager Job Prices Form Read/write Manager Data Security This security is very important because the system is protecting personal customer data. If this were to be released by accident or due to lack of security the manager would face various consequences that would effectively ruin his business. Backups will be made and updated at the end of every day. The system will be stored on memory sticks and in early cases floppy disks. Backups will be made of all areas of the database that contain personal data. Therefore it is best to save the database as a complete file. This will be fine while the business remains small but as the database grows separate backups may be needed due to the size of the file. One backup will be stored with the manager at all times while a second will be kept at a separate location away from the system. It will be the managers responsibility to backup the system daily. In the event of data loss in the system the data will be backed up on a new computer system to avoid data corruption. It will remain the managers responsibility but he may decide to employ a more experienced technician to make sure all data is restored properly. Intended Benefits 1. A faster mode of access to customer data to help with negotiations over the phone. Provides a guide to the manager to help him recognise customers, their history with the company and location. Previously paper based records had to be found within a large number of files and were unclear when compared to a computer presentation. With the system in place the manager can enter the customers name and search for all the information they have on file about them. 2. A more secure way to store and protect customers personal data. Previously the data was only kept in a locked cabinet which was still susceptible to be breakage. There was no way to backup this data without a huge loss of company time and resources. The new system will allow data to be locked with the use of a password that can be updated on regular occasions. Backups will be easy to make and the customer data protected to the highest degree possible. 3. Faster and more accurate calculations come as a benefit of a computer system saving the manager the job of manually working out bills for customers and suppliers. This improves customer service and gives the business a more professional look. With a query system the calculations occur without any work involved and are constantly correct. Limits and scope The method I chose for the company is a vast improvement but still has its own limitations due to the fact that the size of a database is constantly growing and with the system the company is incorporating it may cause slight slowdown. Limitations may only become apparent as the business grows because more and more customers mean more data and a strain on the system memory. Another problem is that the system can only provide a certain amount of help to those unfamiliar with computer systems. A basic training is still needed to familiarise the new user(s) with the fundamentals of the system. There are various functions that would have been of great use if the system had used a different type of program. For example a spreadsheet-based system would have provided easier parameters for formulas such as working out a customers final job price. It would also have been easier to design various menu screens and visual aids for the user due to the compatibility of the program for designing from scratch. The requested company logo is likely to be limited to something pre designed by the computer and as such is likely to be of a slightly lower quality. This is because there is only a certain amount of pre made designs on the computer system. It would be feasible to use a scanner to include a paper-based design however this would require more equipment, a skilled artist and a longer timeframe. Due to the fact that the user does not have the required equipment it would seem a waste of finances to invest in one for a single task. Therefore the logo will have to use computer graphics and be modified as much as possible to fit the users demands. Table Name Estimate of total number of records Size Customer 123 7380 Request 14 4200 Job 55 4300 Order 34 10200 Part 50 2500 Total Record Size 28580 This table shows that when the business begins to grow substantially and the customer count reaches that shown of around a hundred then the total size of all records will reach a very high memory, in this case 28580 bytes. If the system begins to struggle with an overload of information an upgrade is likely to be required. However from gathering information about the business through my interview and gaining an overall impression of its set-up and position I feel the chosen system will work efficiently and without problem for a fairly large amount of time. Time Line Weeks Tasks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Create Tables in database Create Relationships Create Queries Develop forms Develop reports Manager Test Period System Review Create User Guide Create Technical reference Guide Software Development Input, Output and processing printouts Forms Theses are what will be visible to the user and the customer when the system is implemented. It is therefore important that I take into account the requests the user made during the interview regarding the new system. This is the main menu that will act as a base from which the other forms can be accessed. The user will be able to return to this menu at any time through a main menu button. As this is screen most likely to be seen by the customers and user I have distinguished it with a different colour scheme from that of the other forms. I made sure the colours used were meeting the specifications of the user, in that they are clear and complimentary. I have also taken into account the computer knowledge of the likely users and maintained the design I had early chosen of a brief explanation of what each button will allow the user to do. This will help the user become comfortable with the system and maintain their understanding of how it works. The owner also requested that there be the company name present on all slides and I made it sure it is clear and remains a constant design throughout all the forms. For example when a new customer is joining the user can choose the customer option and open the customer form for the customers themselves to fill in. The customer form shown here is slightly different from my original design in that it is no longer a completely blue background. I felt this design had a more professional look while still maintaining the clearness apparent on the original design. The company logo however remains the same as that from the main menu and this helps the customer realise they are still in the correct place and are safe to enter their personal details. The customer ID will automatically move onto the next number when a new customer is being entered. The Add Customer button will take the user to the next available empty form and allow them to enter new data. All of the buttons are command buttons. They allow different functions relating to forms, reports and others. The arrows will take the user either back or forward by one through the records. This fast access will allow quick searches for customers whos ID is close to that currently displayed. The Delete Customer button will clear the form of the current information it is displaying. This in turn will delete this customer from the Customer_TBL. The Store Customer will save the currently displayed customer to the system allowing the user to add another customer knowing the previous customers records are safe. To help the user and also to make the system more accessible I have included the Add a Job button. This will allow the user once they have entered the customers details to immediately fill in a job that might be being requested for the first time. It is important to do this because otherwise the job will not be present in the system and therefore cannot be linked to that customer. It saves the user the time of returning to the main menu and re-opening the Job form. If the user does need to return to the main menu for any reason they can do so by using the main menu button which will remain constant in the same position on all forms here after. All of the buttons from my original design have been recreated except for the Edit Customer button. This has been removed because the option to change the data is available to the user automatically. This is the Job Form where the user can enter details of new jobs as well as deleting uncommon ones. This form also links the customers ID to the job they want performed, therefore the Print a Receipt button can now use both these pieces of information to print a receipt I have created in a report. The report will be shown later. The arrow buttons move forward and back through the job records and the Main Menu button returns the user to the initial starting screen. This is the Part form, which allows the user to store information regarding parts they are supplied with. The same options are available with the button commands allowing them to add or delete a record as well as moving between records. The part ID is automatic like the other IDs in the database because it is an auto number. When a new record is added it automatically moves onto the next number. The Main Menu button retains its job from previous forms. This is the supplier form. It allows the user to enter and store all of their current suppliers and keep track with what parts they provide by having a Parts ID linked to its supplier. Keeping the add and delete options for these form records as well as the Main Menu button keeps the user confident whilst operating the system. The same look and design of buttons ensure there is no confusion as to functions. This is also why I chose text to label the majority of my buttons. Queries Data Structures Tables This is the Customer_TBL. It records the information listed under the field name column. Customer ID is the primary key because it is the most unique data available. It will allow records to be found easily through a search when the database is complete. The auto number data type means the number will automatically appear in a sequential order when another customer is being added. The date of birth field is classified as Date/Time under data type because this makes it easier to add the data in this field. Under the validation rule field you can see the validation that will prevent dates being entered after the current date. The validation text that will appear when an incorrect date is entered is shown here also. The text is user friendly and makes it clear what they will have to change. It prevents incorrect data being entered in the database that will jeopardise the system. Telephone Number data type is number as this makes sure no text can be accidentally entered into the database. Post Code remains a text data type because it incorporates both numerical and text entries. Details of these fields and their validations can be seen in the data dictionary on the following page. For the postcode field I have included an input mask shown on the previous screen shot. The code I have entered will only allow data to be entered when it fits in with the structure required. The code allows any number or letter to be used as long as it is positioned correctly. This is a vital validation because a postcode is a very unique piece of data and may well be used to find or identify a customer within the database. Field Name Description of Contents Data Type Type of Validation Expected Customer ID A number classifying each customer so they can be quickly identified in the database Long Integer No more than four characters to be entered. No duplicates. First Name Customers First Name Text Required. Surname Customers Surname Text Required. D.O.B Customers Date of Birth Date/Time Required, DD/MM/YYYY, Must be Todays date Address Line 1 Customers immediate local address Text None Address Line 2 Further customer address details Text None Telephone Number Customer contact number Numerical Required, Maximum 11 numbers. Must be structured in traditional way e.g. 0121 333 2233 Post Code 6 character code identifying customer address Text Required This is the Job_TBL. It contains information about all jobs the company has previously undertaken. Any new jobs that are requested and the company feels they can carry out can be added to the list through the Add a job button on the corresponding form. Job ID is now the primary key and is the data type Auto number. The date of order and expected completion date fields both have validations preventing them from carrying inaccurate data. The date of order must be either the same as or before the current date and the expected completion date must be after the date of order date. Customer ID is now classified as a number because when a customer requests a job their specific number will be entered here by the user, classifying what jobs they want completed on the system. Field Name Description of Contents Type of Validation Expected Job ID A number classifying a job identity so it can be linked to the customer ID No more than four characters. Must not exceed the number of available jobs. Job Name The title of a job None Job Description A brief description of jobs that is unclear from their name. None The Job Parts_TBL is a link table in the database. It is present because there was a many to many relationship between the Job_TBL and the Parts_TBL. This table allows the data from both of these tables to be stored together, with a one to many relationship leaving the table in both directions. This will be shown later in the Relationship Diagram. Here you can see both the Job ID and Part ID present both classified as numbers under the data type. The JobPartsID field now acts as an autonumber for this table so that the two pieces of data can be classified together. This will allow the production of receipts and other printouts to be faster and more accurate. Part_TBL This table follows the same patterns as the previous two in that the ID, in this case Part is the primary key and an auto number. The price field uses the data type currency. This will automatically fill the cell with a pound sign when data is entered. It will help in calculations within the database and provide quicker usage for the user when filling in forms. Supplier ID is present as well so that the user can see which supplier supplies them with a specific part. Supplier_TBL My final table contains information about the companys suppliers. The table contains a part name and part ID field that will link to the parts table. The data types remain similar to those in the previous tables to keep a constant style throughout the system. It helps to keep the system less complicated for the user and helps problems become apparent quickly. Field Name Description of Contents Type of Validation Expected Supplier ID Unique number to distinguish between suppliers. No duplicates. No number higher than those of listed suppliers. Supplier Name Name of supplier Required Part ID Number to classify a certain part No duplicates. Relationship Diagram Here are the five tables described above presented in their relationship format. There are only one to many relationships present because the Job Parts table has acted as a link table between the Job and Parts tables which were previously a many to many relationship.